Which material is typically used for high-temperature applications due to its thermal insulation capabilities?

Ceramics are typically utilized in high-temperature applications because they possess excellent thermal insulation properties. This is primarily due to their crystalline structure, which allows them to withstand significant heat without deforming or losing their integrity. Ceramics can endure extreme temperatures that would cause other materials, like metals or plastics, to melt or degrade. Their low thermal conductivity means that they are not only effective insulators but also help in minimizing heat transfer, making them ideal for applications such as furnace linings, thermal barriers, and insulators in various high-temperature environments. Their ability to maintain strength and stability at elevated temperatures further enhances their suitability for these demanding applications.

In contrast, metals generally have high thermal conductivity, making them less effective for insulation purposes in high-temperature settings. Plastics tend to melt or degrade at elevated temperatures, limiting their use in such applications. Composites can offer some thermal resistance but are often designed for a balance of properties rather than focused solely on thermal insulation compared to ceramics. Thus, ceramics stand out as the primary choice for high-temperature thermal insulation.