Which manufacturing process involves the removal of material to achieve desired shapes and dimensions?

The manufacturing process that involves the removal of material to achieve desired shapes and dimensions is machining. This process typically includes techniques such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, where material is systematically removed from a workpiece to produce precise parts. Machining is known for its ability to provide high accuracy and superior surface finishes, making it an essential method in manufacturing for creating components that need tight tolerances.

In contrast, welding is primarily a joining process where materials are fused together, casting involves pouring liquid material into a mold to create a shape, and molding also involves shaping material, generally with the use of a pre-made mold, without necessarily removing material. These processes serve different purposes within the manufacturing spectrum, highlighting the unique role that machining plays in material removal and precision engineering.