What material processing technique is used to produce complex shapes without machining?

The production of complex shapes without the need for machining is effectively achieved through injection molding. This process involves injecting molten material, typically plastics or metals, into a mold. Once the material cools and solidifies in the mold, it takes on a detailed and intricately designed shape.

Injection molding is particularly advantageous for producing large quantities of complex parts with high precision and repeatability. The ability to create fine details, undercuts, and varying wall thicknesses within a single molding session distinguishes it as a preferred method for many applications in industries such as automotive, consumer goods, and medical devices.

While other techniques like cast molding can also create complex shapes, injection molding generally offers quicker cycle times and better surface finishes. Forging primarily focuses on shaping materials through compressive forces and is not suited for intricate details, whereas rolling involves flattening materials and is not designed for creating complex three-dimensional shapes.