What does 'thermal conductivity' measure in materials?

Thermal conductivity specifically measures the ability of a material to conduct heat. This property is crucial in various applications, including insulation, electronics, and any system where temperature control is necessary. Materials with high thermal conductivity, such as metals, efficiently transfer heat, making them suitable for heat exchangers and cooking utensils. Conversely, materials with low thermal conductivity, like rubber or glass wool, are used for insulation to prevent heat transfer. Understanding thermal conductivity is essential for material selection in engineering and technology where heat management is important. This concept is foundational in thermodynamics and can significantly impact the performance and efficiency of materials in practical applications.