In material processing, what is the purpose of 'hardening'?

The purpose of hardening in material processing primarily focuses on increasing the hardness and strength of a material. This process typically involves altering the microstructure of metals through techniques such as heat treatment, which includes processes like quenching and tempering. By rapidly cooling a hot metal from a high temperature, the structure transforms, enhancing its strength and hardness due to the formation of a harder phase.

As materials become harder, they can better withstand wear and deformation under applied loads. This is especially critical in applications where components experience high levels of stress, friction, or abrasion. Therefore, hardening is essential not only for improving the material's mechanical properties but also for extending its service life and performance in demanding environments.